Sudras were believed to be the lowest in the Hindu caste hierarchy. Their duty was to serve the upper three communities as slaves. Sudras were believed to have been born from
Brahma's feet, and so they were not permitted to perform any sacrifices or read and learn the Vedas or chant the mantras. Manual and agricultural laborers, artisans and masons belonged to this community. Besides all these, Sudras were treated as outcastes or untouchables. Seeing these people was considered inauspicious among the higher communities. When the Constitution of India was adopted on 26 January 1950, the caste system was abolished and equality was guaranteed to all citizens.